Answer all questions carefully. Each question has exactly one correct answer.
Agrarian Uprisings: How India's Rural Poor Fought Back from 1857 to Independence•hard•10 questions•~15 min
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Question 01
medium
Which of the following correctly identifies the leaders of the Indigo Revolt of 1859–60 and the district associated with the revolt?
(a) Baba Ramchandra and Jhinguri Singh — Champaran district
(b) Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas — Nadia district
(c) Madari Pasi and Durgapal Singh — Pabna district
(d) Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi — Faizabad district
Question 02
hard
Consider the following statements about the Deccan Riots of 1875:
1. The movement targeted zamindars as the primary exploiters in the Ryotwari system.
2. The moneylenders in the region were mostly outsiders — Marwaris and Gujaratis.
3. Peasants organised a social boycott in which barbers, washermen and shoemakers refused to serve the moneylenders.
4. The Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act was passed in 1875 as an immediate government response.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Question 03
medium
The Pabna Agrarian Leagues of the 1870s–80s resulted in the eventual passage of which legislative measure, and what was the primary mode of the peasant struggle?
(a) Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act, 1879 — armed uprising against zamindars
(b) Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885 — primarily legal resistance through rent strikes and court challenges
(c) Indigo Commission Report, 1860 — collective refusal to cultivate indigo
(d) Awadh Rent Amendment Act — social boycott of moneylenders and zamindars
Question 04
hard
Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of 19th-century peasant movements (post-1857) as distinct from 20th-century movements?
1. They were directed against colonial rule as the primary target.
2. They had limited territorial reach and no continuity of struggle.
3. Peasants developed awareness of legal rights and used courts alongside direct action.
4. They were integrated with and deeply influenced the national freedom struggle.
Which of the above statements correctly describe 19th-century (NOT 20th-century) peasant movements?
Question 05
hard
The Mappila Revolt of 1921 initially had an anti-government and anti-landlord character but later acquired communal overtones. Which of the following correctly identifies the event that triggered large-scale riots AND the factor that caused the communal turn?
(a) Trigger: Death of a local priest in a police encounter; Communal turn: Congress leaders' withdrawal from Malabar
(b) Trigger: Arrest of respected priest leader Ali Musaliar; Communal turn: British martial law led to perception of Hindus aiding authorities
(c) Trigger: Government's refusal to pass tenancy regulation legislation; Communal turn: Muslim League's intervention in the movement
(d) Trigger: Eviction of Mappila tenants from jenmis' lands; Communal turn: Hindu Mahasabha's counter-agitation in Malabar
Question 06
hard
Consider the following statements about the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928):
1. It was organised against a 30% increase in land revenue proposed by authorities.
2. Vallabhbhai Patel was given the title 'Sardar' by the women of Bardoli.
3. Patel set up 13 chhavanis (workers' camps) across the taluqa to organise the movement.
4. The final settlement recommended by a government committee was a revenue hike of 6.03%, effectively vindicating the peasants' position.
5. K.M. Munshi and Lalji Naranji resigned from the Bombay Legislative Council in support.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Question 07
medium
The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS), founded in 1936, had which of the following leadership at the time of its founding?
(a) President: N.G. Ranga; General Secretary: Swami Sahjanand Saraswati
(b) President: Swami Sahjanand Saraswati; General Secretary: N.G. Ranga
(c) President: Indulal Yagnik; General Secretary: Swami Sahjanand Saraswati
(d) President: Jawaharlal Nehru; General Secretary: N.G. Ranga
Question 08
hard
The central slogan of the Tebhaga Movement (1946–47) in Bengal was 'nij khamare dhan tolo'. What did this slogan signify in the context of the movement's demands?
(a) Sharecroppers should collectively seize the jotedars' land and redistribute it among themselves
(b) Sharecroppers should take the harvested paddy to their own threshing floor (not the jotedar's) to enforce their claim to two-thirds of the produce
(c) Sharecroppers should burn the existing debt bonds and refuse to pay any rent until their demands were met
(d) Sharecroppers should stop cultivating jotedars' land and demand ownership rights over the land they tilled
Question 09
hard
Consider the following statements about the Telangana Movement (1946–51):
1. It affected approximately 3,000 villages and 3 million people, making it the biggest peasant guerrilla war in modern Indian history.
2. The movement was sparked by a deshmukh's thug murdering a village militant in Jangaon taluq of Nalgonda.
3. The movement was led by the Indian National Congress and was closely integrated with the mainstream national movement.
4. After the Indian security forces took over Hyderabad, the movement continued for several more decades.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Question 10
hard
The Eka (Unity) Movement of 1921–22 in northern UP was distinct from the mainstream Kisan Sabha movement in several ways. Which of the following correctly identifies a distinctive feature of the Eka Movement?
(a) It was led by urban Congress leaders and demanded complete abolition of the zamindari system
(b) It had grassroots, low-caste leadership under Madari Pasi and involved a symbolic religious vow ritual at its meetings
(c) It was primarily a legal movement that challenged enhanced rents through court petitions and fund collection
(d) It was organised in the districts of Rai Bareilly and Faizabad and involved large-scale looting of bazaars and granaries
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