Mughals and Afghans (1525–1556): UPSC Prelims Practice
Answer all questions carefully. Each question has exactly one correct answer.
Panipat and Its Consequences: How the Mughals Defeated the Lodis and the Suri Interlude•hard•14 questions•~15 min
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Question 01
medium
Which of the following best explains why Babur decided to invade India, according to historian Abul Fazl?
(1) He wished to avenge Timur's sacking of Delhi.
(2) Revenues from Kabul, Qandhar, and Badakhshan were insufficient to maintain his army.
(3) He had received formal invitation only from Rana Sanga.
(4) The Uzbeks had blocked all trade routes from Kabul.
Select the correct answer:
Question 02
hard
Consider the following statements about the Battle of Panipat (1526):
1. Babur's army was numerically superior to Ibrahim Lodi's forces.
2. Babur used the 'Ottoman (Rumi) device' of chaining carts as a defensive wall with breastworks for gunners.
3. Babur credits his victory mainly to his bowmen rather than his gunners.
4. Ibrahim Lodi was killed in the battle along with more than 15,000 of his men.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Question 03
hard
Which of the following pairs is INCORRECTLY matched?
(A) Battle of Khanwa — Babur declared jihad against Rana Sanga
(B) Battle of Chausa — Humayun escaped by swimming across the Ghagra river
(C) Battle of Samel — Sher Shah used forged letters to sow doubt among Maldeo's commanders
(D) Battle of Ghagra — Babur faced the combined Afghan and Bengal forces
Question 04
hard
With reference to Sher Shah's land revenue system, consider the following statements:
1. The state's share of produce was fixed at one-half.
2. Each peasant received a document called patta stating the area sown, type of crops, and the amount to be paid to the state.
3. Peasants could pay revenue either in cash or in kind, though the state preferred cash.
4. A cess of two and a half seers per bigha was levied to guard against famine.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Question 05
medium
Arrange the following events in correct chronological order:
1. Battle of Chausa
2. Humayun's Gujarat campaign
3. Battle of Kanauj
4. Humayun besieges Chunar (first time)
Select the correct sequence:
Question 06
medium
Which of the following statements about Sher Shah's road and sarai system is correct?
Question 07
medium
With reference to Babur's *Tuzuk-i-Baburi*, consider the following:
1. It was written in the Arabic language.
2. It is considered one of the two most famous works in the Turkish language.
3. Babur describes the flora and fauna of India in considerable detail in this work.
4. The work includes descriptions of famous poets and artists of the time.
Which of the above are correct?
Question 08
hard
Match the following battles with their correct outcomes or significance:
Battle — Outcome/Significance
A. Khanwa (1527) — 1. Babur consolidated position in Delhi-Agra region; Rana Sanga later poisoned by own nobles
B. Ghagra (1529) — 2. Babur compelled Bengal and Afghan armies to retreat but could not win a decisive victory
C. Chausa (1539) — 3. Sher Khan took the title 'Sher Shah'; Humayun escaped swimming across a river
D. Kanauj (1540) — 4. Humayun became a prince without a kingdom; Kabul and Qandhar remained with Kamran
Select the CORRECT match:
Question 09
hard
Which of the following is NOT correctly associated with Sher Shah's administrative system?
(A) The shiqdar was the officer in charge of law and order in a pargana.
(B) The dagh system of branding horses was borrowed from Alauddin Khalji's military reforms.
(C) The Sur state introduced jizyah for the first time on Hindu subjects.
(D) Accounts in parganas were maintained in both Persian and local languages (Hindavi).
Question 10
hard
Consider the following about the significance of Babur's advent into India:
1. For the first time since the Kushan empire, Kabul and Qandhar became integral parts of a north Indian empire.
2. Control of Kabul and Qandhar strengthened India's foreign trade as these were transit points for caravans to China and Mediterranean seaports.
3. Babur introduced the use of gunpowder in India for the first time.
4. Babur's victories led to the rapid popularisation of gunpowder and artillery in India, reducing the importance of forts.
Which of the above are correct?
Question 11
medium
Which of the following statements about Sher Shah's currency reforms is most accurate?
Question 12
hard
Who among the following invited Babur to India to displace Ibrahim Lodi?
1. Daulat Khan Lodi, governor of Punjab
2. Rana Sanga of Mewar
3. Nusrat Shah, ruler of Bengal
4. Mahmud Lodi, younger brother of Ibrahim Lodi
Select the correct answer:
Question 13
medium
The 'Purana Qila' (Old Fort) in Delhi is associated with which of the following rulers?
Question 14
medium
Which literary work, written in Hindi, was completed during the reign of Islam Shah (son of Sher Shah)?
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